Trends and Cut-Point Changes in Obesity Parameters by Age Groups Considering Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an important issue worldwide. Obesity has a close relationship with NCDs. Various age-related changes should be considered when evaluating obesity. METHODS: National representative cohort data from the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort from 2012 to 2013 were used. Sex-specific and age group-specific (10-year intervals) means for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) were calculated. Optimal cut-points for obesity parameters were defined as the value predicting two or more components of metabolic syndrome (except WC). RESULTS: The mean value and optimal cut-point for BMI decreased with age for men. The mean BMI value for women increased with age, but optimal cut-points showed no remarkable difference. The mean WC of men increased with age, but the optimal cut-points were similar for age groups. For women, the mean value and optimal cut-point for WC increased with age. Regarding WtHR, the mean value and optimal cut-point increased with age for men and women. Differences across age groups were larger for women. CONCLUSION: The mean values of the obesity indices and the optimal cut-points were changed according to age groups. This study supports the necessity of applying age group-specific cut-points for the various obesity parameters.

An analysis on the factors responsible for relative position of interproximal papilla in healthy subjects

PURPOSE: This study examined the factors that can be associated with the appearance of the interproximal papilla. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven healthy interproximal papillae between the maxillary central incisors were examined. For each subject, a digital photograph and periapical radiograph of the interdental embrasure were taken using a 1-mm grid metal piece. The following parameters were recorded: the amount of recession of the interproximal papilla, contact point-bone crest distance, contact point-cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) distance, CEJ-bone crest distance, inter-radicular distance, tooth shape, embrasure space size, interproximal contact area, gingival biotype, papilla height, and papilla tip form. RESULTS: The amount of recession of the interproximal papilla was associated with the following: 1) increase in contact point-bone crest, contact point-CEJ, and CEJ-bone crest distance; 2) increase in the inter-radicular distance; 3) triangular tooth shape; 4) decrease in the interproximal contact area length; 5) increase in the embrasure space size; and 6) flat papilla tip form. On the other hand, the amount of gingival recession was not associated with the gingival biotype or papilla height. In the triangular tooth shape, the contact point-bone crest distance and inter-radicular distance were longer, the interproximal contact area length was shorter, and the embrasure space size was larger. The papilla tip form became flatter with increasing inter-radicular distance and CEJ-bone crest distance. CONCLUSIONS: The relative position of the interproximal papilla in healthy subjects was associated with the multiple factors and each factor was related to the others. A triangular tooth shape carries a higher risk of recession of the interproximal papilla because the proximal contact point is positioned more incisally and the bone crest is positioned more apically. This results in an increase in recession of the interproximal papilla and flat papilla tip form.

Effect of quercetin on the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Prevotella intermedia

PURPOSE: Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived bioactive molecule that is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In the current study, we investigated the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on the production of NO in murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a pathogen related to inflammatory periodontal disease, and tried to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS: LPS was isolated from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 cells by the standard hot phenol-water method. The concentration of NO in cell culture supernatants was determined by measuring the accumulation of nitrite. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, inhibitory kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha degradation, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation were analyzed via immunoblotting. RESULTS: Quercetin significantly attenuated iNOS-derived NO production in RAW246.7 cells activated by P. intermedia LPS. In addition, quercetin induced HO-1 protein expression in cells activated with P. intermedia LPS. Tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, abolished the inhibitory effect of quercetin on LPS-induced NO production. Quercetin did not affect the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 induced by P. intermedia LPS. The degradation of IkappaB-alpha induced by P. intermedia LPS was inhibited when the cells were treated with quercetin. Quercetin also inhibited LPS-induced STAT1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin significantly inhibits iNOS-derived NO production in murine macrophages activated by P. intermedia LPS via anti-inflammatory HO-1 induction and inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB and STAT1 signaling pathways. Our study suggests that quercetin may contribute to the modulation of host-destructive responses mediated by NO and appears to have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory periodontal disease.

Clinical Characteristics and Comparison of the Various Methods Used for the Diagnosis of the New Influenza A Pandemic in Korea

BACKGROUND: Laboratory diagnosis of new influenza A (H1N1) is crucial for managing patients and establishing control and prevention measures. We compared the diagnostic accuracies of the real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) test recommended for the confirmation of the new flu and the viral culture method used conventionally for viral disease with that of the rapid antigen test (RAT). METHODS: We performed RAT, R-mix culture, and real-time PCR by using 861 respiratory samples collected from December 2009 to January 2010 and evaluated the abilities of these methods to detect new influenza A. The relationship among the positive rates of RAT, grades of culture, and the cycle threshold (Ct) values of rRT-PCR was also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 861 patients, 308 (35.8%) were diagnosed with new influenza A. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of the tests were respectively as follows: 59.7%, 99.5%, 98.4%, and 81.6% for RAT; 93.2%, 100%, 100%, and 96.3% for R-mix culture; and 95.8%, 100%, 100%, and 97.7% for rRT-PCR. Samples with weak positive grade in culture and those with Ct values of 30-37 in rRT-PCR showed positivities as low as 25.3% and 2.3% in RAT, respectively. The hospitalization rate and death rate of the confirmed patients were 3.2% and 0.3%, respectively, and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 7.2% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: R-mix culture and rRT-PCR tests showed excellent reliability in the diagnosis of new influenza A and could be very useful, especially for samples with low viral load.

A Case of Therapy-related Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) and MLL/MLLT1 Gene Rearrangement / 대한진단검사의학회지

Therapy-related ALL (t-ALL) is a rare secondary leukemia that develops after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for primary malignancies. Chromosomal 11q23 abnormalities are the most common karyotypic alterations in t-ALL. The t(11;19)(q23;p13) aberration is extremely rare and has not been confirmed at the molecular genetic level. Here, we report a case of t-ALL with t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) and MLL-MLLT1 (alias ENL) gene rearrangement confirmed by cytogenetic analysis, multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (multiplex RT-PCR), and DNA sequencing in a patient who had undergone treatment for breast cancer. A 40-yr-old woman developed acute leukemia 15 months after undergoing 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2), radiation therapy (dose, 5,900 cGy), and anticancer endocrine therapy with tamoxifen. The complete blood cell counts and bone marrow examination showed increased blasts and the blasts showed B lineage immunophenotype (positive for CD19, CD34, and cytoplasmic CD79a). Cytogenetic analysis revealed the karyotype 47,XX,+X,t(11;19)(q23;p13.3)[4]/46,XX[16]. FISH analyses, multiplex RT-PCR, and DNA sequencing confirmed the MLL-MLLT1 gene rearrangement. The patient underwent induction chemotherapy with fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD) and achieved complete remission. Subsequently, she underwent consolidation chemotherapy, but died of brain ischemia in the pons and the region of the middle cerebral artery. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of t-ALL with t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) and the MLL-MLLT1 gene rearrangement.

Diagnostic Yield of Pediatric Colonoscopies Based on Presenting Symptoms in a Secondary Hospital / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: We performed this study retrospectively to review the diagnostic yield of colonoscopies in children and adolescents with various gastrointestinal symptoms and to investigate the relationship between presenting symptoms and the colonoscopic findings in a secondary hospital. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients under the age of 19-years who underwent ileocolonoscopy between January 2001 and December 2010. The total number of patients (n=238) were divided into three age groups and six symptom groups. We analyzed clinical characteristics and the colonoscopic findings, and compared the colonoscopic yield between each groups. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16.1 (3.1~18.9) years. The most common presenting symptoms were lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (48.1%) in the or =16 years group (n=126). Positive colonoscopic findings were found in 21.4% of the bowel habit change group (n=28), 51.9% of the low GI bleeding group (n=54), 37.7% of the chronic diarrhea group (n=69), and 94.4% of the group with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=18), 38.9% of the chronic abdominal pain group (n=54) and 13.3% of the anemia group (n=15). The diagnostic yield of the total examination was 42.0%. The suspected IBD group had a higher yield than the presenting symptom groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is a safe and useful investigation in children and adolescents with suspected colonic disease. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy is higher in patients presenting with suspected IBD. Pediatricians practicing in primary or secondary care settings should recommend colonoscopy for patients with suspected IBD.

The Bacterial Protein Azurin Enhances Sensitivity of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells to Anticancer Drugs

PURPOSE: Surgical therapy is the primary treatment for oral cancer, but it can cause facial distortion. Therefore, if anticancer drugs are effective against oral cancer, they may be used preferentially. However, oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCCs) are resistant to these drugs, so finding a way to enhance the sensitivity of these cells to anticancer drugs is important. The bacterial protein azurin is known to selectively enter cancer cells and induce apoptosis. In this study, we show the anticancer effect of azurin in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OSCC cell line (YD-9) was subjected to azurin treatment. Cell viability, morphology and protein expression levels were monitored after treatment of azurin. Cells were also subjected to combination treatment of azurin with either 5-fluorouracil or etopside. RESULTS: Azurin-treated cells showed decreased cell viability accompanied by apoptotic phenotypes including morphological change, DNA breakage, and increases in p53 and cyclin B1 protein levels. Combination treatment of azurin with other anti-tumor agents caused an increase in sensitivity to anticancer drugs in azurin-treated YD-9 cells. CONCLUSION: Azurin has a strong synergistic anticancer effect on oral cancer cells when it is used along with anticancer drugs.

Analysis of Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma According to Cut-off of Tumor Size / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Although the detected incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased with development of ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, the best treatment has not yet been established. Treatment decisions require information on many factors including lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and bilaterality. With this aim, the present study analyzed clinicopathologic features of PTMC according to cut-off of tumor size. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of patients with PTMC between January 2007 and December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively from medical records. Patients were divided according to tumors lesser than or equal to cut-off (Group I) and tumors exceeding cut-off (Group II). RESULTS: Both capsule invasion and lymphovascular invasion were significantly different at all cut-off diameters (5~9 mm). Central node metastasis revealed a difference in all cut-off values except 8 mm. Extrathyroidal extension differed at all cut-off values except 5 mm. Bilaterality displayed a statistically significantdifference only at the 8 mm cut-off. CONCLUSION: cut-off of 5 mm represents a safe value to discriminate less aggressive from aggressive treatment for PTMC.

Clinical Significance of VEGF-C and COX-2 Expression in Gastric Carcinoma with Submucosal Invasion

PURPOSE: Lymph node metastasis is an important factor in determining prognosis and therapeutic options for early gastric cancer (EGC) patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and D are known as lymphangiogenic factors, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is thought to play a role in lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma. This study was designed to determine whether the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 is associated with clinicopathologic factors, especially lymph node metastasis in EGCs invading the submucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 85 Patients undergoing standard gastrectomy with lymph node dissection between 1991 and 2007 in the Department of Surgery of Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital in Daejeon, Korea. All patients were diagnosed with gastric cancers and submucosal invasion. We examined the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Of the 85 patients, 16 (18.8%) had lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and COX-2 were positively expressed in 34.1% (29/85), 22.3% (19/85), and 37.6% (32/85) of the patients. VEGF-C and COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). A positive correlation existed between VEGF-C and COX-2 expression (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: VEGF-C and COX-2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer with submucosal invasion. VEGF-C and COX-2 may thus be predictive markers for lymph node metastasis in EGC patients with submucosal invasion.

A Case of X;Y Translocation with Complex Minor Anomalies and Mental Retardation: 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2)mat / 대한임상병리학회지

A three year old boy was admitted due to minor anomalies, such as hypertelorism, clinodactyly, ear anomaly, simian crease, renal anomalies, cryptorchism and mild mental retardation. The chro-mosome and FISH analysis showed 46,Y,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2), and the same chromosomal pattern was found in the mother, who showed no phenotypic anomalies or mental retardation. According to previously reported X-Y translocation cases, the Xp22.3 was the most common breakpoint and many X-linked diseases, which are regulated by the genes located in Xp22.3, were expressed in a variable pattern, such as chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked ichthyosis, mental retardation, Kallmann syndrome as the sole anomaly or a complex pattern. This boy did not show the typical anomalies that correspond to the above diseases. However, regular follow up and addi-tional studies with adequate counseling will be necessary due to the possibility of delayed ccurence of other typical symptoms and problems such as infertility as he grows up.

HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 & HLA-DRB1 Alleles Distribution in Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-responder / 대한면역학회지

No abstract available.

Comparison of HLA-B27 typing methods -PCR-SSP, microlymphocytotoxicity, and flow cytometry / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: HLA-B27 typing has long been performed by the microlymphocytotoxicity method(MCT) but the flow cytometry method(FCM) was introduced several years ago. False positive results due to the HLA-B7 cross reactive groups(CREG) were the main drawback of the serologic method. The authors performed polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP) test for HLA-B27 to compare the results with serologic methods. METHODS: PCR-SSP test for HLA-B27 was performed on four hundred forty one samples. Three hundred twenty eight samples were tested by MCT and one hundred thirteen samples by FCM. PCR-SSP for HLA-B27 subtyping or Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR(ARMS-PCR) for HLA-B typing was performed on twenty four discrepant samples. RESULTS: The concordance rate between MCT and PCR-SSP was 92.9%(305/328) and the concordance rate between FCM and PCR-SSP was 99.1%(112/113). Twenty four(5.4%) out of four hundred forty one samples showed discrepancy between serologic methods and PCR-SSP method. Fourteen out of one hundred MCT positive samples and only one out of forty FCM positive samples showed negative by PCR-SSP. Nine samples showed PCR-SSP positive and MCT negative. CONCLUSIONS: The false positive rate of MCT was quite high and there were some false positive and negative results by PCR-SSP, too. From the above findings, we suggest that FCM is the most accurate method for HLA-B27 typing in those laboratory equipped with flow cytometry.

RHD Genotyping in RhD-negative Korean Donors by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Sequence Specific Primers(PCR-SSP) Method / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: In Caucacians, almost all RhD-negatives have deletion in RHD gene and the RHD genotyping by PCR-SSP is a valuable tool. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of RHD gene deletion in RhD-negative Korean donors and evaluate the clinical usefulness of various RHD genotyping methods in Korean. METHODS: Two hundred fifty RhD-positive blood obtained from Blood Transfusion Research Institute and 119 RhD-negative blood samples were obtained from Korea Red Cross Dong Bu Center. Phenotyping of RhD, RhC/c, and RhE/e antigen was performed using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies(Dade AG, Switzerland). PCR-SSP was performed by primer sets, specific for exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 9, and exon 10 of RHD gene and for exon 2, intron 4, and intron 4-exon 5 common to RHD and RHCE genes. RESULTS: The phenotypes of 250 RhD-positives consisted of 106(42.4%) CCee, 93(37.2%) CcEe, 26(10.4%) ccEE, 21(8.4%) Ccee, 3(1.2%) ccEe, and 1(0.4%) ccee. In RhD-negative donors, 62(52.1%) were ccee, 37(31.1%) Ccee, 10(8.4%) ccEE, 6(5.0%) CcEe, 2(1.7%) ccEE, and 2(1.7%) CCee. Twenty-two out of 101 RhD-negatives showed no deletion in all used methods. Deletion frequency of RhD negatives varied according to the methods: 76(75.3%) in intron 4-exon 5 boundary; 74(73.3%) in intron 4; 72(71.3%) in exon 4; 67(66.3%) in exon 7; 63(62.4%) in exon 10; 9(8.9%) in exon 5; no deletion in exon 3, exon 6, and exon 9. Different RhD phenotypes also showed different RHD gene deletion frequency: 80-90% deletion in ccee; 70% in ccEe; 40-50% in Ccee and CcEe; no deletion in CCee phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: RHD gene deletion frequency varied according to the methods applied and individual's own RhD phenotypes. Therefore, RHD genotyping is not appropriate for a routine test in Blood Bank and individual variation should be considered in prenatal care of RhD-negative women.

HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 Allele Frequency in Korean Patients with Schizophrenia / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 alleles and disease susceptibility in Korean schizophrenic patients. METHODS: HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 allele typing were performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) method in 128 Korean schizophrenic patients diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, who were not blood-related, and 160 normal blood bank donors. RESULTS: The HLA-DQB1*04 allele frequency was 14.6% in schizophrenic patients, which was significantly higher than that of normal controls which was 8.2% (p=0.028). HLA-DRB1*14 allele frequency was 11.8% in patients, which was also more frequent than that of normal controls which was 5.5% (p=0.01). HLA-DRB*15 allele frequency was 2.0% in patients, which was significantly lower than that of normal controls which was 7.1% (p=0.007) and HLA-DRB*16 allele frequency was 1.6% in patients, which was also lower than that of normal controls which was 4.8% (p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Schizophrenia in Korea had positive correlation with HLA-DQB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*14, and negative correlation with HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*16. These findings support the association of the HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 with schizophrenia in Korean population, which was different from other study results in other different ethnic groups.

Immunophenotypes of umbilical cord blood cells and GM-CSF mobilized peripheral blood cells / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUDS: Different clinical outcomes of umbilical cord blood (CB) transplantation and GM-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (LB) transplantation stimulated our interests in immune characteristics of various stem cell sources so that we investigated immunophenotypes of mononuclear cells of twenty-six CB and ten LB cases and twenty normal adult peripheral blood (AB). METHODS: Two-color direct immunofluorescence analysis was performed using FACScan (Becton-Dickinson, USA) and monoclonal antibodies were CD34FITC/CD33PE, CD34FITC/CD45ROPE, CD34PE/CD45RAFITC, CD34PE/CD38FITC, CD4PE/CD45RAFITC, CD4FITC/CD45ROPE, CD8PE/CD45RAFITC, CD8PE/CD11bFITC, CD8PE/CD57FITC, CD8FITC/CD38PE (Serotec), and Simulset IMK lymphocyte kit (Becton-Dickinson). RESULTS: CD34+ cell frequencies of CB and LB were four times higher than that of AB. CD34+CD38- cell frequency was higher in CB, 41.5+/-28.1% compared to 20.1+/-15.8% in LB (P=0.0391) and frequencies of CD34+CD33+, CD34+CD45RA-, and CD34+CD45RO+ showed no difference. LB showed higher frequency of CD3+ and CD8+ cells and lower frequency of CD4+ and CD19+ cells compared to that of CB and AB. CD4+CD45RA+ na ve cell frequency was higher in CB (29.3%) compared to 2.3% of LB. CD4+CD45RO+ memory T lymphocyte frequency (8.5%) and CD8+CD57+ cell frequency (1.0%) were lowest in CB. CD8+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD11+ cell frequencies showed no difference. No statistically significant differences in CD34+ cell and its subsets and lymphocytes and their subsets were observed between normal vaginal delivered umbilical cord blood (VD) and Cesarean sectioned umbilical cord blood (CS), except CD8+CD11+ cell frequency was higher in VD (11+/-7.6%) compared to that (4.0+/-2.3%) in CS (P=0.0081). CONCLUSIONS: CB showed higher frequency of immature hematopoietic stem cell precursors and na ve lymphocytes compared to that of LB and AB and LB showed higher frequency of T lymphocytes and lower frequency of B lymphocytes compared to those of CB and AB, which might be the possible causes of the different clinical outcome. Study on the standard immunophenotypic values in various hematopoietic stem cell products using sufficient number of subjects is necessary for the guideline of clinical utilization.

HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1 in Korean Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis-by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) method / 감염

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is affected by environmental factors, such as hygiene, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Recently it has also been shown to be correlated with specific HLA types in foreign countries, although the mechanism underlying this association remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and contribution of specific HLA alleles to pulmonary tuberculosis in Koreans. METHODS: HLA alleles of 97 patients whose illness was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis by sputum acid-fast bacilli stain, culture, chest X-ray, and clinical evaluation at the Korean National Tuberculosis Association Department of Medical Operation were compared to those of 100 blood donors as controls. The polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) method was used to define HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 alleles. RESULTS: Among the patients analyzed by PCR- SSOP for HLA-DQA1 alleles, 63.9% were typed as HLA-DQA1*01, 50.5% HLA-DQA1*03, 22.6% HLA- DQA1*05, 8.2% HLA-DQA1*02, 7.2% HLA-DQA1* 06, and 4.1% HLA-DQA1*04. No difference in the distribution of HLA-DQA1 alleles between patients and healthy controls could be found, with the exception of HLA-DQA1*04, which was more common among controls. Regarding HLA-DQB1 alleles among the patients, 60% were typed as HLA-DQB1*03, 45% HLA-DQB1*06, 21.3% HLA-DQB1*04, 18.8% HLA- DQB1*05, and 11.3% HLA-DQB1*02. The allele distribution of HLA-DQB1 was not significantly different between patients and controls. For HLA-DRB1 alleles, 29.5% were typed as HLA-DRB1*02, 27.4% HLA- DRB1*08, 25.3% HLA-DRB1*04, 23.2% HLA-DRB1* 09, 20% HLA-DRB1*12, and 12.6% HLA-DRB1*13. There was also no difference between patients and controls in the allele distribution of HLA-DRB1. CONCLUSION: In Korea, where tuberculosis is relatively prevalent, pulmonary tuberculosis seems to be independent of HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA- DRB1, although we found a statistically significant difference in HLA-DQA1*04 frequency between tuberculosis patients and controls.

HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1 in Korean Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis-by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) method / 감염

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is affected by environmental factors, such as hygiene, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Recently it has also been shown to be correlated with specific HLA types in foreign countries, although the mechanism underlying this association remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and contribution of specific HLA alleles to pulmonary tuberculosis in Koreans. METHODS: HLA alleles of 97 patients whose illness was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis by sputum acid-fast bacilli stain, culture, chest X-ray, and clinical evaluation at the Korean National Tuberculosis Association Department of Medical Operation were compared to those of 100 blood donors as controls. The polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) method was used to define HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 alleles. RESULTS: Among the patients analyzed by PCR- SSOP for HLA-DQA1 alleles, 63.9% were typed as HLA-DQA1*01, 50.5% HLA-DQA1*03, 22.6% HLA- DQA1*05, 8.2% HLA-DQA1*02, 7.2% HLA-DQA1* 06, and 4.1% HLA-DQA1*04. No difference in the distribution of HLA-DQA1 alleles between patients and healthy controls could be found, with the exception of HLA-DQA1*04, which was more common among controls. Regarding HLA-DQB1 alleles among the patients, 60% were typed as HLA-DQB1*03, 45% HLA-DQB1*06, 21.3% HLA-DQB1*04, 18.8% HLA- DQB1*05, and 11.3% HLA-DQB1*02. The allele distribution of HLA-DQB1 was not significantly different between patients and controls. For HLA-DRB1 alleles, 29.5% were typed as HLA-DRB1*02, 27.4% HLA- DRB1*08, 25.3% HLA-DRB1*04, 23.2% HLA-DRB1* 09, 20% HLA-DRB1*12, and 12.6% HLA-DRB1*13. There was also no difference between patients and controls in the allele distribution of HLA-DRB1. CONCLUSION: In Korea, where tuberculosis is relatively prevalent, pulmonary tuberculosis seems to be independent of HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA- DRB1, although we found a statistically significant difference in HLA-DQA1*04 frequency between tuberculosis patients and controls.

A case of allopurinol-induced eosinophilia / 대한혈액학회지

No abstract available.